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91.
Pharmacokinetics of xylazine after 2-, 4-, and 6-hr durations of continuous rate infusions in horses
Klaus Hopster Lawrence R. Soma Xiaoqing Li Charlotte Hopster-Iversen Raymond C. Boston Bernd Driessen 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):557-564
Intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of xylazine (XYL) (0.5 mg/kg) immediately followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1 mg kg−1 hr−1 for 2, 4, and 6 hr produced immediate sedation, which lasted throughout the duration of the CRI. Heart rate decreased and blood pressure increased significantly (p > .05) in all horses during the first 15 min of infusion, both returned to and then remained at baseline during the duration of the infusion. Compartmental models were used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of XYL administration. Plasma concentration–time curves following bolus and CRI were best described by a one-compartment model. No differences were found between pharmacokinetic estimates of the CRIs for the fractional elimination rate constant (Ke), half-life (t1/2e), volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance (Cl). Median and range were 0.42 (0.15–0.97)/hr, 1.68 (0.87–4.52) hr, 5.85 (2.10–19.34) L/kg, and 28.7 (19.6–39.5) ml min−1 kg−1, respectively. Significant differences were seen for area under the curve ( ) (p < .0002) and maximum concentration (Cmax) (p < .04). This indicates that with increasing duration of infusion, XYL may not accumulate in a clinically relevant way and hence no adjustments are required in a longer XYL CRI to maintain a constant level of sedation and a rapid recovery. 相似文献
92.
以蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’为试验材料,对花芽分化进程及期间光合特性和碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白及激素含量的变化进行研究。结果表明:花芽长度为0、2、4、8、16和24 cm时,分别处于花芽分化初始期、花序原基分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期和花瓣原基分化期(16和24 cm)。蝴蝶兰叶片的净CO2吸收速率在花芽发育前期(0 ~ 4 cm)没有显著变化,花芽8 cm时显著降低。花芽中的碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的含量显著高于叶片,碳水化合物在花芽长度为4 cm时达到稳定水平,可溶性蛋白含量在花芽8 cm时达到叶片与花芽的平衡;赤霉素(GA)的含量在花芽2 cm时达到最大值,生长素(IAA)含量在花芽4 cm时显著升高,玉米素(ZT)含量在花芽8 cm时显著降低,而ABA含量在花芽发育的过程中并没有显著变化。由此可知,当蝴蝶兰花芽开始分化萼片原基(8 cm)时,光合生理及生化物质基本达到一个相对稳定的水平,此阶段的蝴蝶兰花芽已彻底完成成花分化。 相似文献
93.
94.
Quantifying key model parameters for wheat leaf gas exchange under different environmental conditions 下载免费PDF全文
ZHAO Fu-nian ZHOU Shuang-xi WANG Run-yuan ZHANG Kai WANG He-ling YU Qiang 《农业科学学报》2020,19(9):2188-2205
The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco(V_(cmax)) and maximum rate of electron transport(J_(max)) for the biochemical photosynthetic model, and the slope(m) of the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model influence gas exchange estimates between plants and the atmosphere. However, there is limited data on the variation of these three parameters for annual crops under different environmental conditions. Gas exchange measurements of light and CO_2 response curves on leaves of winter wheat and spring wheat were conducted during the wheat growing season under different environmental conditions. There were no significant differences for V_(cmax), J_(max) or m between the two wheat types. The seasonal variation of V_(cmax), J_(max) and m for spring wheat was not pronounced, except a rapid decrease for V_(cmax) and J_(max) at the end of growing season. V_(cmax) and J_(max) show no significant changes during soil drying until light saturated stomatal conductance(gssat) was smaller than 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in m during two different water supply conditions separated by gssat at 0.15 mol m~(–2) s~(–1). Furthermore, the misestimation of V_(cmax) and J_(max) had great impacts on the net photosynthesis rate simulation, whereas, the underestimation of m resulted in underestimated stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and an overestimation of water use efficiency. Our work demonstrates that the impact of severe environmental conditions and specific growing stages on the variation of key model parameters should be taken into account for simulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere. Meanwhile, modification of m and V_(cmax)(and J_(max)) successively based on water stress severity might be adopted to simulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere under drought. 相似文献
95.
不同施氮量对半干旱区还田玉米秸秆腐解及养分释放特征的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了揭示还田玉米秸秆在不同施氮水平下的腐解及养分释放特征,在马铃薯田间定位试验中,设置了6个不同施氮水平(T1:0 kg·hm~(-2);T2:75 kg·hm~(-2);T3:150 kg·hm~(-2);T4:225 kg·hm~(-2);T5:300 kg·hm~(-2); T6:375 kg·hm~(-2)),研究其对还田玉米秸秆腐解及养分释放特征的影响。研究表明:还田玉米秸秆的腐解主要发生在前90 d,在此期间玉米秸秆腐解较快,T1~T6处理的玉米秸秆腐解率分别为37.3%、40.3%、44.8%、45.0%、50.8%、48.4%,以T5处理为最高,处理间差异显著(P0.05);同时,T1~T6处理的玉米秸秆碳、氮释放率分别为48.2%~56.6%、33.8%~44.4%,T5处理下秸秆的碳、氮释放率均显著高于其他处理(P0.05),而秸秆磷、钾的释放率分别为43.1%~49.2%、90.5%~93.0%,处理间无显著性差异。还田150 d后,玉米秸秆的腐解率为52.7%~55.8%,养分释放表现为KCPN。综上所述,连续施氮可以显著促进还田玉米秸秆前期的腐解及碳氮的释放,但对磷钾的释放无明显影响,当施氮量为300 kg·hm~(-2)时还田玉米秸秆的腐解效果最好。 相似文献
96.
通过室内恒温培养试验,筛选出效果最佳的硝化抑制剂剂型及剂量并应用于枸杞园土壤,研究其对枸杞产量及品质的影响。室内恒温培养试验供试硝化抑制剂为2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶(Nitrapyrin)、双氰胺(DCD)和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP),共设17个处理:未添加硝化抑制剂(CK),添加Nitrapyrin(纯氮量的0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%),添加DMPP(纯氮量的0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%),添加DCD(纯氮量的1.0%、2.0%、3.0%、3.5%、4.0%和5.0%)。结果表明:在砂土的培养中,三者硝化抑制效果表现为DMPP≥Nitrapyrin>DCD;DMPP和Nitrapyrin的硝化抑制率分别为71.90%~75.17%和4.83%~77.28%。但由于DMPP的价格(240~360元·kg-1)及用量均高于Nitrapyrin(155元·kg-1),故选择纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin应用于大田试验。田间试验设置4个处理:农民习惯施肥为SF100,SFN100、SFN80及SFN60处理是在SF100处理基础上分别减少0%、40%、60%的枸杞专用肥同时添加纯氮量为0.5%浓度的Nitrapyrin。结果表明:田间试验中施用Nitrapyrin处理的产量较SF100处理分别提高了6.67%,5.80%及3.52%,同时与SF100处理相比,SFN100处理的多糖及蛋白质含量分别提高了16.22%及8.67%。综合经济效益及生态效益,浓度为纯氮量0.5%的Nitrapyrin为最佳处理。在大田试验中施用Nitrapyrin同时减少枸杞专用肥的用量,枸杞产量及效益均有所提高,且蛋白质及多糖含量有显著增加。因此,可初步认为硝化抑制剂的施用对枸杞的种植有“减肥增效”的作用。 相似文献
97.
MA Zheng-Bo DONG Xue-Rui TANG Hui-Hui YAN Peng LU Lin WANG Qing-Yan FANG Meng-Ying WANG Qi DONG Zhi-Qiang 《作物学报》2020,46(10):1617-1627
为研究四甲基戊二酸(TGA)对夏玉米光合特征和产量的调控效应, 2018、2019年在中国农业科学院新乡试验基地开展大田试验,以中单909 (ZD909)和京农科728 (JNK728)为试验材料,设置5个TGA施用梯度(0、75、150、225和300 g hm~(–2))。结果表明,适宜剂量的TGA处理可提高玉米产量、延缓玉米生育期内功能叶的衰老速率,增强灌浆期的净光合速率,试验条件下TGA的最佳施用量为150 g hm~(–2)。在TGA最佳施用量下, ZD909和JNK728的产量相比对照2年平均分别增加8.7%和11.7%。2个品种玉米生育期内叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和光合势相比对照平均分别增加14.3%和19.7%、18.7%和22.7%、10.9%和16.9%;而叶片衰老速率相比对照平均降低了55.9%和56.5%;灌浆期的净光合速率相比对照平均分别增加44.0%和58.4%。相关性分析表明,玉米产量与生育期内叶片衰老速率呈显著负相关,而与灌浆期净光合速率呈显著正相关。综上, TGA处理能够提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,延缓玉米叶片衰老速率,并提高了灌浆期净光合速率,进而实现玉米增产。 相似文献
98.
99.
Differences in metabolism (enzyme activities, metabolites) between diploid and triploid Salmo trutta f. lacustris were investigated under acclimation and stress conditions. Under acclimation conditions enzyme activities differed for 35% of the 27 investigated key regulatory enzymes and temperature optima for 23%. Muscle and liver metabolites related to energy metabolism and diagnostic indices of blood serum were similar, with exception of acetyl‐CoA being increased in triploids. Metabolic rate was lower and gill ventilation rate higher in triploids in comparison with diploids. During the tested stress situations (24 hr endurance swimming, 3 hr exposure to hypoxia in water with 32% oxygen saturation) muscle and liver glycogen decreased and serum and muscle lactate increased in both ploidy levels. Specifically, for triploids muscle adenylate energy charge and phosphocreatine levels decreased after endurance swimming and muscle and liver adenylate energy charge after exposure to hypoxia. Acetyl‐CoA increased in triploids during both stress situations. In summary, there existed differences in metabolism between the two ploidy levels and the energy metabolism of triploids was less balanced under stress. 相似文献
100.